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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Council of Energy Resource Tribes ： ウィキペディア英語版 Council of Energy Resource Tribes The Council of Energy Resource Tribes (CERT) is a consortium of Native American tribes in the United States established to increase tribal control over natural resources. It was founded in September 1975〔Smith, Theodore Reynolds (1979) "Council of Energy Resource Tribes and Resource Development in Tribal Lands" pp. 214–221 ''In'' Colorado Advisory Committee, United States Commission on Civil Rights (1979) ''Energy resource development: a selection of papers presented at a consultation'' (Issue 122 of State Advisory Committee reports) United States Commission on Civil Rights, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 〕 by twenty-five tribes〔Pritzker, Barry (2000) ''A Native American encyclopedia: history, culture, and peoples'' Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, (page 55 ), ISBN 0-19-513877-5〕 under the leadership of the Navajo Nation under chairman Peter McDonald.〔Olson, James Stuart (1999) ''Historical Dictionary of the 1970s'' Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, (page 108 ), ISBN 0-313-30543-9〕 The tribes that make up CERT control 40 percent of the mineable uranium deposits in the United States, 4 percent of its oil and gas, and 30 percent of the strippable Western coal.〔 CERT's initial goal was to force renegotiation of contracts for natural resources, primarily coal, oil and gas, to increase royalties so as to reflect actual market prices.〔 CERT also lobbied for new federal legislation that would give tribes a larger say in negotiations.〔 While successful in some lawsuits to force renegotiation, CERT also supported popular demonstrations against the energy firms, as well as local and international boycotts, which were often successful where lawsuits had failed.〔Olson, James Stuart (1999) ''Historical Dictionary of the 1970s'' Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, (page 109 ), ISBN 0-313-30543-9〕 On the legislative front, CERT was a major enabler of both the 1982 Indian Mineral Development Act and the 1982 Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act.〔 ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Council of Energy Resource Tribes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.